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Neil Rivalland's avatar

Whether one believes it, or not, God created the man, Adam, and the woman, Eve, who became husband and wife, and were given sexual organs in order to procreate so mankind could multiply and populate the earth to bring glory and honour to the Creator, God.

The knowledge we cannot escape is that Satan is the evil entity who is the author of all evil. The Bible teaches mankind sinned and fell short of the glory of God when it was captured by Satan, that old serpent, in the Garden of Eden.

Only two genders exist in the human race, in animals, and even plants. This reality has not only been confirmed through scientific observation, but the Bible since the beginning of creation has also confirmed this. Anyone who argues against this obvious reality, with claims there are more than two genders, is either very deceived, or they are deliberately hostile and at war with God.

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Stegiel's avatar

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5943372/

If a person’s gender is a result of accepted cultural reproduction from a chain of previous models, it can explain how the existence of binary gender roles can be reconciled, with each gender displaying both variation within cultures and change over time. Although each member of a gender is reproduced within a historical lineage that can be traced back to different models of gender, the lineage need not sustain all or even most properties originally associated with either of the binary models. At the same time, the binary lineages are maintained insofar as whenever each branch of gender undergoes change, a relevant binary contrast or “cultural dimorphism” is maintained between the two lineages. In other words, as long as neither gender becomes extinct (that is, the terms “women” or “man” refers to an empty set), significantly branches off from a lineage, or merges with the other, gender remains a binary matter and it is patterned in two distinct ways.

It might also seem that the unity of a gender simply follows from the shared reproductive history of each lineage. The idea of continuity amongst members is attained through a lineage of reproduction that has remained sufficiently “intact” over time and has avoided merging, extinction or considerable branching-off. But this conclusion is arrived at too hastily. The claim so far is only about gendered reproduction regardless of the number of original models. I have already flagged a worry that pervasive binary gender systems are not necessarily traceable back to common models (as in the case of War and Peace), now I turn to this worry more explicitly.

Beyond binary systems of gender

If gender is a historical kind, then it should be clear that the current binary gender system need not necessarily have unfolded in a binary manner. In fact, I have shown just how contingent this system is on two features of reproduction: an existing cultural niche with binary models and the existence of gender-based social learning.

Indeed, given the view of gender as binary cultural lineages one can see that there are three different ways in which a culture can depart from having binary genders. First, the binary lineages might merge at some point, or one or both genders might cease to exist. Second, it may be that the original gender models were never binary at all (perhaps they were three or even more). Third, new alternative genders may emerge either because an existing lineage has locally branched off into one or more new gender lineages, or due to the partial merging of the two lineages into three.

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